City Directories and History: ca. 1880s, a remarkable Queen Anne style house in the Folk Victorian period….
Queen Anne Architecture 1880 – 1910 The Queen Anne style evolved from those early English designs to become a distinctly American style with numerous, sometimes regional variations. The use of three dimensional wood trim called spindle-work was an American innovation made possible by the technological advances in the mass production of wood trim and the ease of improved railroad transport. Queen Anne buildings almost always have a steep “hipped” roofs with cross gables or large dormers, an asymmetrical front façade, and an expansive “full length” porches with decorative wood trim. A round or polygonal front corner tower with a conical roof is a distinctive Queen Anne feature. Courtesy Penn Arch. Field Guide – Website
Folk Victorian cottages were built both with and without its ornate fretwork and brackets. And thought very common, the Pyramidal roof shouldn’t be considered the only identifying factor, a great number had gable fronts with ornate gable end porches. Due to the states’ wide employment of railroads, this became a very common model of housing in S.C. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Folk Victorian style cottage is a part of the Queen Anne period of architecture and utilizes: Victorian decorative details on simple folk house forms, inspired by Italianate and Gothic Revival details. The use of center front gables is also very common. These decorative elements made the Folk Victorian a very popular and widely used style of architecture across the state and nation.
The widespread availability of heavy machinery in industrial areas, to cut consistent decorative wood patterns, and the use of railroads to easily distribute decorate fretwork, brackets, columns and misc. These decorative elements made the Folk Victorian a very popular and widely used style of architecture across the state and nation.
The Camden Journal reported Aug. 9, 1850 – An ad from the firm of Martin and Bryan Factors of Charleston, S.C. which lists references including, R. O’Neale of Columbia, S.C. Another important account for Wm. Kelly the boatman of Union County, S.C. lists dozens of transactions with R. O’Neale in Columbia, and his acting as an agent to Charles O’Neale of Charleston, S.C.
The Columbia Daily Phoenix reported on July 18, 1866 – “R. O’Neale is advertising that he wants to purchase a sugar mill.”
- On Sept. 11, 1866 the paper ran an ad for R. O’Neal and Son offering for sale “Superior Cotton Gins”…
- Sept. 13, 1867 the paper stated, “The Board of Trade was organized in Columbia yesterday. Officers include: Pres. J.G. Gibbes, V.P. R.C. Shiver, Sec-Tres: R. O’Neal.
- Jan. 27, 1870 the paper reported, “The Burns Club held it supper and R. O’Neal Jr made remarks..
- July 19, 1870 the paper The Policy Holders Life and Tontin Assurance Co. of the South at 29 Broad Street, Charleston, S.C. in an ad listed R. O’Neal Jr., as a trustee.
- The Yorkville Enquirer reported on Jan. 18, 1872 – “The stock holders meeting of the Carolina National Bank of Columbia elected a board of directors: L.D. Childs, J.W. Parker, John D. Darby, R. O’Neal Jr., John S. Wiley, R.M. Wallace, E. Hope and C.D. Melton. Col. L.D. Childs also continues as President.”
- Jan. 16, 1873 the paper reported that the Board of Directors of the Carolina National Bank of Columbia included R. O’Neale Jr. and the Pres. was Col. L.D. Childs.
Mrs. L.D. Childs of York Co., S.C. – Bessie / Elizabeth Springs Childs 1863-1918
- Oct. 9, 1874 the paper reported – “R. O’Neal is named the delegate from Richland Co., to the Conservative Convention.”
- April 29, 1875 the paper reports – “R. O’Neal is listed as a property owner to the North of a foreclosed property on the NE corner of Lumber and Lincoln Streets in Columbia.”
The Charleston Daily News reported of Feb. 10, 1873 reported – “R. O’Neal Jr., has been appointed by the Columbia Board of Trade to attend the convention of Direct Trade and Immigration to be meeting in August Ga. on Feb. 11.
The Winnsboro News and Herald reported on Dec. 18, 1877 – “The list of county tax notices for delinquent taxes in Fairfield Co., lists R. O’Neal and Son for a 450 acre tract in Township #13.”
Richard O’Neal, Jr. House, 1028 Elmwood Avenue, Columbia – Library of Congress, HABS Collection
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R&R HISTORY LINK: Mrs. L.D. Childs was from York County, the daughter of R.A. Springs of Springstein Plantation on the Catawba River. Just outside of Rock Hill, S.C.
R&R HISTORY LINK: Mrs. L.D. Childs was from York County, S.C. where she and her husband established the Crossroads Baptist Church and School for colored families.
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